Current Situation of Politics in Pakistan

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Current Situation of Politics in Pakistan

Unraveling Pakistan’s Political Landscape: Insights into the Current Situation

The current situation of politics in Pakistan is filled with twists and turns. As Winston Churchill once said, “Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the others.” This really captures the essence of Pakistan’s politics. A state consistently navigated a middle ground, oscillating between military dictatorship and political party-led civilian government  From the early post-independence years to today, it’s a tale that’s both interesting and essential for understanding how Pakistan’s destiny unfolds.

https://youtu.be/UgBx3l8QqG4

Pakistan from 1947 to now

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has experienced a dynamic journey shaped by significant historical events that molded its political landscape. In its initial nine years, the country grappled with the absence of a constitution and democratic elections. The 1956 constitution was short-lived and dissolved as the military dictator Ayub Khan took over.

Following the Tashkent Agreement in 1966, responding to the Indo-Pakistani War, the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) emerged in 1967 under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s leadership, advocating for a socio-democratic state with egalitarian values. Ayub Khan resigned, paving the way for military commander Yahya Khan to conduct elections in 1970, marking the first elections in 23 years. This period saw the dominance of the Awami League in East Pakistan and the PPP in the West.

The aftermath of the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 led to the separation of East and West Pakistan. The subsequent years marked the first instance in history where a civilian-elected body governed the country. However, in 1977, democracy faced a setback as Zia ul Haq imposed martial law, lasting for 11 years. Amid these transitions, responding to evolving dynamics, political entities emerged. All these events have still influence on current situation of politics in Pakistan.

Emergence of political parties

In 1993, after a split in the original Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif founded the Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PMLN), with a party platform of dysregulation, free markets, and low taxes. In 1996, World Cup-winning captain Imran Khan entered politics, establishing the Pakistan Tehreek Insaaf (PTI), focusing on a corruption-free Pakistan and transformative change. These parties, shaped by historical events and the nation’s evolving needs, continue to play pivotal roles in the politics of Pakistan, influencing the current situation of politics in Pakistan.

People’s preference for Democracy in Pakistan

The people of Pakistan continue to show a general preference for democracy, and political parties retain a popular support base. Despite their love for democracy, political parties were unable to implement democracy in a practical way.

Dynasties and oligarchic leadership styles have created parties that are often led by founding families, with succession passing on to the leader’s family. These political entities are: Exploring how these parties approach elections reveals the influence of dynastic leadership, offering a key perspective on the intricate dance of politics in the country, as the statement is evident under the PPP party formed by Z.A. Bhutto, now being led by his son Bilawal Bhutto, and the PMLN party being led by the Sharif family expanding their influence on current situation of politics in Pakistan.

Provincial and National assemblies in Pakistan

Pakistan, a democratic state, follows the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system for both its provincial assembly (PA) and national assembly (NA), where voters can cast votes for a single candidate, and the candidate with the most votes wins the election. Parliamentary system and has a bicameral legislature. Members of the upper house (senate) are elected through indirect elections by both the members of the Provincial and National Assembly caste votes.

The Senate has several exclusive powers not granted to the national assembly, including the power to make parliamentary bills, and the constitution does not allow the dissolution of the Senate. The FPTP mechanism has witnessed the PPP, PMLN, and PTI become significant political players having a major role in current situation of politics in Pakistan.

Failure of Prime Ministers to complete their tenures in Pakistan

Before Musharraf’s martial law, Pakistan was led by the PPP, followed by Nawaz Sharif of the PMLN and Imran Khan of the PTI. This marked a notable departure, offering a rare smooth transition of power in Pakistan’s history. Despite the enduring preference for democracy among the people of Pakistan, the country has experienced a pattern where the elected PMs have not completed their full five-year terms in office.

Throughout the nation’s history, leaders have faced premature removal from power for various reasons. This trend raises questions about the stability of political regimes and the challenges faced in maintaining uninterrupted democratic governance. Despite the smooth transitions observed between political parties, the tenure of prime ministers in Pakistan has often been marked by complexities and changes, reflecting the dynamic nature of the current situation of politics in Pakistan.

Military intervention in politics of Pakistan

Pakistan’s struggle with democracy finds one of its roots in the recurring issue of military intervention, both direct and indirect. Pakistan can be described as a praetorian state where the military has acquired the capability, will, and sufficient experience to dominate the core political institutions and processes. As the political forces are disparate and weak, the military’s disposition has a strong impact on the course of political change, including the transfer of power from one set of elites to another.

The military’s impact extends beyond governance and is playing pivotal role in current situation of politics in Pakistan; it has also ventured into business across the country, operating without the burden of taxes. This dual role of being both a powerful political force and an economic player underscores the challenges Pakistan faces in establishing a stable and consistent democratic framework. The military’s history of dissolving governments, whether through martial law or indirect means, highlights a significant hindrance to the nation’s democratic aspirations.

The role of religion in Politics of Pakistan

Religion has been a pervasive influence on the current situation of politics in Pakistan since its inception, given the country’s foundation as an independent state for Muslims during the partition of British India in 1947. This inherent connection to Islam has shaped the political landscape, with various parties explicitly identifying themselves as religious entities advocating for Islamic policies. Even mainstream political parties strategically incorporate religious rhetoric into their electoral campaigns, recognizing the significance of the predominantly Muslim population. The concept of the “Riyasat-e-Madina” is often invoked as a political incentive, aligning policies with the vision of an Islamic welfare state.

Furthermore, the divide-and-rule strategy is evident in the exploitation of sectarian differences between the major Sunni and Shia sects. This manipulation of religious identities for electoral gain underscores the intricate interplay between religion and politics in Pakistan, a dynamic that continues to evolve as the nation grapples with the complexities of its Islamic heritage.

Politics after 2018 in Pakistan

In July 2018, Pakistan witnessed its third consecutive peaceful transition of power as Imran Khan and his party, the PTI, secured victory in the elections. However, this election was considered rigged, especially in rural areas. After taking over the running of the government, PTI could not fulfill their promises since the nation was in a far more terrible economic crisis. With rising gasoline and power costs, the value of the currency grew, and the rate of inflation rose.

The PTI has underlined several times its strong ties to the military establishment. It is clear that the military is mostly dictating Pakistan’s foreign policy and matters pertaining to internal security.

However, over time, the party’s relationship with the establishment was strained and marked by avoidable controversies, including the contentious appointment of the DG ISI. The turning point came with Imran Khan’s controversial tour with President Vladimir Putin of Russia, leading to heightened political conflict and strained relations with the establishment. The opposition and its allies, called PDM, seized the opportunity and called for a vote of no confidence against PTI. Despite their efforts, PTI failed to secure enough support, resulting in the premature end of Imran Khan’s term as Prime Minister before completing his 5-year tenure.

After losing power, Imran Khan, the leader of the PTI, blamed the US for the change in his government, denying any agreement to provide military bases to America. During the Russia-Ukraine war, he met with the Russian president. Imran Khan started rallies, emphasizing the need for a free and sovereign state where foreign policy decisions are made independently. Meanwhile, Shahbaz Sharif, who was the Prime Minister during the PDM government, took charge of governing the state. These all are major events which have influence on current situation of politics in Pakistan. https://youtu.be/2FhJiljIonE

Politics after dissolution of government in KPK and PUNJAB by Imran Khan 

Imran Khan called for elections and dissolved his government in KPK and Punjab, expecting prompt elections within 90 days. However, things did not unfold as anticipated. Imran Khan was subsequently arrested in connection with the Al Qadir Trust case, causing widespread unrest and rebellious activities across the nation. This event had a significant impact on PTI, as many of its top leaders were arrested, and actions were taken against those involved. As published in Dawn News, more than 30 top PTI leaders were arrested in cases linked to the May 9 riot.

A caretaker body led by Anwar Ul Haq Kakar

In August 2023, the PDM government finished, and a caretaker body led by Anwar Ul Haq Kakar took over temporarily. Their main goal was to organize fair elections within 90 days, but they couldn’t do it, and now the elections are set for February 8, 2024.

Right now, Pakistan needs stability in both politics and the economy, and the best way is to have a fair election. Sadly, it seems like the upcoming elections might be controversial. The way things work in Pakistan is tough for the PTI. In an article for the Economist, Imran Khan shared his worries about the current situation of politics in Pakistan, February elections and his party’s situation.

https://mubashiredu.com/current-situation-of-human-rights-in-pakistan/

The current situation of politics in Pakistan is complex and dynamic. Political parties play a vital role in shaping the country’s governance, with ongoing debates and negotiations to address various socio-political challenges. The political landscape is marked by a diverse range of ideologies and interests, reflecting the diversity of the nation. The future direction of politics in Pakistan remains uncertain, as stakeholders navigate through a rapidly changing political environment.

Conclusion

In summary, after shedding light on current situation of politics in Pakistan it can be concluded that Pakistan’s politics swing between civilian rule and military influence. Major political parties, how elections work, and the lasting impact of religion make it all quite complex.

Recent changes, like the move from PTI to a temporary government and upcoming elections, show the ongoing challenges for stability. As Pakistan deals with all this, having fair and free elections is crucial for the country’s future, highlighting the many details that shape its political scene.

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